MyGenealogyBlog

WELCOME! I have been doing family research for almost 4 yrs now. I am starting this blog in hopes of finding close to distant relatives. I am also willing to help those who just don't know where to start looking for their own family roots. I am going to post a list of surnames, (over 2000) for those that may be related to folks from that list. If there is a name on that list that is yours or you know that is in your family, chances are we are related, most likely distantly, but you never know! Also, I can give you tips on how to start researching your family. If you are interested, feel free to browse my surnames list, leave a post on the site, we will go from there! Also, if there is a delay in my response it is because I may be helping someone else, But I WILL respond, please be patient:-) For now, I will post the surnames, so you may browse them. Again, Thank you for your interest in the Wonderful World of Genealogy!!!


Kristopher Walker

Starting tomorrow 2/26/2011 I am going to "showcase" a person, or persons in my family list, Give historical facts and information. Also, if there is someone in the list that you'd like more information on, please let me know, I can give that to you, or where to go to look for particular information.

Names with a number in quotes denotes the number of people with that same exact name.
Surnames List A-Z
(Surnames are before first names-farther in the list, after ancient names list)
(Lybia)Milesius King of Gaul Pharaoh of Egypt
Abel
Abida
Abigail
Abigail Stoughton
Abija Queen
Abijam King of Jordan
Abram
Adah
Adam
Adatonesees
Adbeel
Agnes
Ahaz King of Jordan
Ahaziah King of Jordan
Aklia
Alianor Princess Eleanor
Alice
Alice
Alladh King of Gaul
Alpin King of Scotland
Aminadab
Amiziah King of Jordan
Amon King of Jordan
Amtheta
Amy
Amy W
Annabel
Aram
Arcadh King of Gaul
Arphaxad King of Arrapachtis
Asa King of jordan
Asher
Asruth
Athalia Queen
Athirco King of Ireland
Aubri Count
Aubri Count
Aubri Viscount Dux
Azubah Queen
Baraka
Baraki'el
Baraki'el
Bathsheeba Queen
Beantfix
Beatrix
Bella H H.Belle Anderson
Bethuel
Biddy
Bilah
Blance Castile of
Boath
Boaz
Boemain King of Scotland (In constant state of war)
Brathaus King of Gaul
Breoghan King of Scotland (In constant State of war)
Buz
Cain
Cainan
Chermoin
Chesed
Christina
Cobhthach King of Ireland
Conair The Great-King of Ireland
Constantine I King of Scotland
Cora G
Corbred King of Ireland
Corbred II King of Ireland
Dan
Danel
David King of Jordan
Deag King of Gaul
Dedan
Dein Prince
Dinah
Dongard King of Scotland
Dongard II King of Scotland
Dornadel King of Ireland
Dumah
Eanbotha Prince
Eber
Ederus King of Ireland
Edna
Edna
Eithriall King of Ireland
Ela
Elbeanore Princess
Eldaah
Elias (Helie)
Elimelech
Elisabeth
Elisha
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Emzarah
Enan
Enoch
Enos
Enrique (Henri) King of Normandy
Eochaid King of Ireland
Eocaid II King of Ireland
Ephah
Epher
Erca Princess
Erenburg De Chate
Ermengarde Countess
Ermentrude Countess Irmtrude
Esau
Ethafind King of Denmark
Eugene V King of Scotland
Eunice
Eve
Eve
Evelyn
Fiacha King of Ireland
Fincormach King of Ireland
Findan King of Scotland Fionn
Foll-Aich Prince
Foulques (Fulk)IV Count of "Le Rechin"
Gad
Gaham
Gaidad
Geoffry Count of
Geoffry Of Orleans
Geoffry Viscount
Giaallchadh King of Ireland
Hadar
Hadewise
Hagar
Ham
Hammutal Queen
Hannah
Hanoch
Hasting
Hazo
Heberian King f Ireland
Hepsibah Queen
Hepsibah Queen
Hester
Hezekiah King of Jordan
Hezron
Huctred
Huz
Isaac Of the Sacrifice
Isabel
Isabel Princess
Ishbak
Ishmael
Isolde
Issachar
Japheth
Japheth
Jared
Jediah Queen
Jeholah
Jehoram King of Jordan
Jehosaphat King of Jordan
Jerusha Queen
Jesse
Jetur
Jidlaph
Jidlaph
Joash King of Jordan
Johadden Queen of Jordan
Jokshan
Josiah King of Jordan
Joseph
Jotham King of Jordan
Judah Name Changed to Judith
Kedar
Kedemah
Kemual
Keturah
Laben
Lamech
Leah
Levi (Not 501) Just Jokin:-)
Louis VIII King of France Capet
Lowers
Luluwa
Maachah
Maachah Queen
Magog
Mahalaleel
Malalel
Masassah King of Jordan
Manius King of Ireland
Maoin King of Ireland
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret Lawrence
Martha
Mary
Massa
Medan
Meilage King of Irland
Melca
Meshulleweth Queen
Methuselah
Mibsam
Midian
Milcah
Mishma
Mualeleth
Muireadhach
Naashon
Nahar
Nahor
Naphish
Naphtali
Nebajoth
Nectonious (Pharaoh Ramseys II)
Ne'elatamauk
Neuall King of Gaul
Niul Prince
Noah
Noah
Noam
Nuadhad King of Gaul
Obed
Ogamain King (Constant War)
Paula
Peleg
Pharez
Pierre
Pildash
Rachel
Rahab
Rashujal
Rebecca
Rebekah
Regim
Rehoboam King of Ireland
Rueben
Reumah
Ruethar
Riman
Romaich King of Ireland
Rotheachta King of Ireland
Ruth
Salah
Salmon
Sarah
Sarah
Scioto
Scota Princess
Scota Mar Wife of Nectonious (Ramseys II-He had 90 wives Nefertiti being the first one)
Sedaqetebab
Serug
Seth
Sheba
Shem
Shuah
Simeon
Sina
Sister
Smiorguil King of Ireland
Soloman King of Jordan
Stout
Susan
Sybil of Northup
Syruth
Tait King of Syria Constant war
Tamar
Tebah
Tema
Terah
Thahash
Tighermas King of Scotland
Trinklind King of Ireland
Uchan
Ugaine Kingof Ireland -The Great
Unknown
Ursula
Uzziah King of Jordan
Verna
Zarah
Zeblulun
Zedehiah King of Jordian Mathanisah
Zibiah Queen of Jordan
Zillah
Zilpah
Zimran
Concubine (Mistress)
Adams Stephen
Addington R Shelly
Alberic II Count
Alexander II King of Scotland
Allen Hannah
Allen Isaac
Allison Archibald
Allison Ebenezer
Allison Gavin
Allison Hugh
Allison James
Allison John
Allison John
Allison Thomas
Allison William
Allison William
Anderson Anna
Anderson Clifford E
Anderson Ellis E
Anderson Emery E
Anderson Esella J
Anderson George W
Anderson HarryL. J
Anderson Henry
Anderson James
Anderson James H.
Anderson Jane
Anderson Lida
Anderson Margaret
Anderson Marion S
Anderson Marjarre
Anderson Mary Jane
Anderson Nancy
Anderson Oscar
Anderson Raleigh E
Anderson Robert
Anderson Samuel
Anderson Samuel
Anderson Tacy
Anderson William
Anderson WMS
Anderson William G
Anderson William G
Anderson William J
Anfenson Beatrice J
Angelche-Beers A
Angus Daughter of II
Angus II King of Ireland the prolific
Anjou Foulques FV Count of Le Jeune
Arms Mary
Ashfield Bridget
Atheling St Margaret Queen of England
Avis Wayne Garber
Bailey Judith
Baldridge Elizabeth
Ball Melvira Jane
Ballard Caroline
Balliol Annabel
Bane Bethoc King of Scotland
Bane Donald III King of Scotland
Barber Martha
Barker Samuel W
Barry Bell
Barry Emma J
Barry Frances E
Barry Ida
Barry Jemima A E
Barry Job B N
Barry john
Barry John W
Barry Laura B
Barry Lucetea
Barry Mary E
Barry Samuel Levi
Bartholomew Henri
Barton Isabel
Bassel Katherine
Bates Arthur
Bates Louis Vida
Bates Avan Floyde
Bates Donald Glen
Bates Earl Arthur
Bates Erma Pauline
Bates Genevieve Pearl
Bates Lottie Mae
Bates Marmie Louis
Bates Susan
Bates William
Bayless Stephen
Beard Susan E
Beauchamp P D Countess
Beaufort Margaret
Beaumont Katherine
Beaumont William Viscount
Beedle Mary L
Bennet Edison Alva
Bennet George
Bennet Ray Fisher
Bently Joan
Berenger Eleanor Of Proven
Berenger Raimond
Berrett Harry
Bettle
Betts Captain Richard
Betts Elizabeth
Betts Elizabeth
Betts Joanna
Betts John
Betts Martha
Betts Mary
Betts Mrs. Richard
Betts Richard
Betts Richard
Betts Richard
Betts Sarah
Betts Sarah
Betts Sarah
Betts Thomas Sr.
Bile Lybia King of gaul Pharaoh of egypt
Blackmen Joseph A
Blackmer Anna
Blackmer E.N.
Blackmer Elmer E
Blackmer James L
Blackmer Julia
Blackmer Lucinda
Blackmer William G
Bliss George
Bolgrach Fiaohach King of Ireland
Bond Sarah
Bones James
Booth William
Borden Benjamin F
Borden Hannah
Borden Richard
Borden Richard
Borroughs Mary
Bosvile Frances
Boude Thomas
Bowdiedge Ann
Bowne James
Boyer Ann
Boyer Catherine
Boyer Elizabeth
Boyer James
Boyer James
Boyer Mary
Boyer Sarah
Boyer William
Bradford Alfred
Bradford Dura
Bradford Ethelburt
Bradford Hirah
Bradford Jenne
Bradford Jesse
Bradford Judith
Bradford Salome
Bradford William IV Major General
Brandon Lucretia
Brandrieth Sarah
Branson Elizabeth
Breac Simon King of Ireland
Brettell Herbert W
Briggs Mathew
Bright catherine
Brooke Elizabeth
Brooke Reginal
Brown Abi
Brown Hannah
Brown James
Brown Thelma A
Browne Annyess
Brownlee Agness
Brownlee Alexander
Brownlee Andrew
Brownlee Archibald
Brownlee Archibald
Brownlee Archibald
Brownlee David
Brownlee David
Brownlee Ebenezer
Brownlee Elizabeth
Brownlee Elizabeth
Brownlee Elizabeth
Brownlee Elizabeth
Brownlee Elizabeth
Brownlee Hamilton
Brownlee Helen
Brownlee Hugh
Brownlee Isobel
Brownlee James
Brownlee James
Brownlee James
Brownlee James
Brownlee James A.
Brownlee Jane
Brownlee Jane
Brownlee Jane
Brownlee Jane
Brownlee Janet
Brownlee Jean
Brownlee J Jane
Brownlee John
Brownlee John
Brownlee John
Brownlee John
Brownlee John
Brownlee John
Brownlee Joseph
Brownlee Joseph
Brownlee Keziah
Brownlee Margaret
Brownlee Margaret
Brownlee Margaret
Brownlee Margaret
Brownlee Martha
Brownlee Martha
Brownlee Martha
Brownlee Mary
Brownlee Rachel
Brownlee Samuel
Brownlee Sarah
Brownlee Ssan
Brownlee Thomas
Brownlee Thomas
Brownlee William
Brownlee William
Brownlee William H
Brownlie Andrew
Brownlie Archibald
Brownlie Archibald
Brownlie Archibald
Brownlie Catherine
Brownlie Hugh
Brownlie Hugh
Brownlie Hugh
Brownlie Hugh
Brownlie Infant
Brownlie Isobel
Brownlie James
Brownlie James
Brownlie Janet
Brownlie Jean
Brownlie Jean
Brownlie Jeanette
Brownlie Jeanne
Brownlie John
Brownlie John
Brownlie John
Brownlie John
Brownlie John
Brownlie John
Brownlie Margaret
Brownlie Margaret
Brownlie Thomas
Brownlie Thomas
Brownlie Thomas
Brownlie Thomas H.
Brownlie William
Brownlie William
Brownlie William
Brownlie William H
Bruley Joane
Bruley John
Bryant Sara
Bryant Thomas
Buckley George
Buckman Agnes
Buiglaig Eochaidh King of Ireland
Bull China Alva
Bunn Margaret
Burgess Thomas
Burroughs H Kesia
Burroughs Joanna
Burroughs John
Burroughs Joseph
Burroughs Stephen
Burrows Elizabeth
Butcher Eli
Butler Dorothy
Cadoret Irene May
Caisfhiacaclach O King of Ireland
Canmore Malcom II King of Scotland
Cann Mary Ann
Capet Marguerite
Carlson Ethel
Carot Mary
Carper Parmilia
Carter Cicily
Carter Joseph
Cealgach Conla C King of Ireland
Chamberlain Anne
Chamberlain B
Chamberlain Daniel
Chamberlain E
Chamberlain E
Chamberlain E
Chamberlain Edward
Chamberlain Faith
Chamberlain Francis
Chamberlain Francis
Chamberlain F
Chamberlain George
Chamberlain Henry
Chamberlain Henry
Chamberlain Henry
Chamberlain Joanna
Chamberlain Job
Chamberlain John
Chamberlain John
Chamberlain John
Chamberlain Joseph
Chamberlain Mary
Chamberlain Mary
Chamberlain N
Chamberlain Richard
Chamberlain Richard
Chamberlain R II
Chamberlain Richard
Chamberlain Richard
Chamberlain Richard
Chamberlain Robert
Chamberlain Samuel
Chamberlain Sarah
Chamberline Sarah
Chamberline Sarah
Chamberlain S
Chamberlain T
Chamberlain T
Chamberlain Ursula
Chamberlain William
Chamberlain William
Chamberlain William
Chamberlain William
Chamberlain William
Champagne Jeanne Princess France
Chandler Alvira
Chandler Ichabod
Chandler Lulu Maud
Chandler Nathaniel
Chandler Zebedee Captain
Cheesmen Rebecca
Chenowith Eleanor Nelly
Cheesemen John
Chesseman William
Cholmley Margaret
Cholmondely R or J
Chomondely MR J
Circuit Hannah Hannah Sirket
Carr Jenni
Carr Eliza Jane (Sullivan)
Carr Robert J
Clayton Anne
Clayton Daniel
Clayton Daniel
Clayton Edward
Clayton Frances
Clayton George
Clayton Jane
Clayton Jasper
Clayton John
Clayton John
Clayton John
Clayton Margaret
Clayton Nathaniel
Clayton Rachel
Clayton Richard
Clayton Richard de
Clayton Thomas
Clayton Thomas
Clayton Thomas
Clayton Thomas Sr.
Clayton William
Clayton William
Clayton William
Clement Mary or M
Clifford R J
Clifton Elizabeth
Coates Edith
Cole
Coleman Hannah
Collins Edward
Collins Francis
Collins Mary
Collins Mary
Collins Rebecca
Collins Thomas
Conaire II King of Ireland
Cook Elizabeth M
Cook Mary
Coombs
Coon William J
Cooper Hannah
Cooper Isaac
Cope "Knight" Sir John
Copley Ellen
Copley Thomas
Core Sarah
Cornish John
Cornish Margarey
Cornish Mary Joan
Cornish Thomas
Corwin Mary Griffin
Cotton Elizabeth
Cox Abraham
Cox Bythinia
Cox Elisabeth
Cox Hannah
Cox John
Cox John jr.
Cox Jonathon
Cox Joseph
Cox Parthena
Cox Rane
Cox Samuel
Cox William
Cox William
Crawford Elousia B
Crispin Martha
Croade John
Croade Ruth
Crowe Thomas
Cushing Agnes
Cushing Alice
Cushing Annable
Cushing Barbara
Cushing Benjamin
Cushing Bridget
Cushing Caleb
Cushing Daniel (2)
Cushing Deborah (5)
Cushing Elijah
Cushing Elyne
Cushing Ezekiel
Cushing Hannah (2)
Cushing Ignatious (2)
Cushing Jeremiah (3)
Cushing John (6)
Cushing Katherine
Cushing Loring
Cushing Margaret
Cushing Mary (2)
Cushing Mathew (3)
Cushing Nathaniel(2)
Cushing Nazareth
Cushing Noah
Cushing Olive
Cushing Ollyffe
Cushing Peter (3)
Cushing Rachel
Cushing Robert
Cushing Ruth
Cushing Theophilus (2)
Cushing Thomas (5)
Cushing William (3)
Cushing Zattu
Cushman Sarah
Cusyn Galfridus
Cusyn Gerard Geoffrey
Cusyn Richard
Cusyn Roger
Cuve Alice or Rose
D'evreux Agnaes
Danvers Agnes
Danvers Alicia
Danvers Amicia
Danvers Bova
Danvers Edward
Danvers Elizabeth
Danvers Henry
Danvers Joan
Danvers John (2)
Danvers Margaret
Danvers Richard (2)
Danvers Robert Honorable Judge
D'Artois Blanche Queen of France
D'Artios Robert I Count
D'Artios Robert II Count
Davis Clerance Clyde
Davis Earl Wills
Davis Gloria A
Davis Hobart A
Davis James Richard
Davis Marion C.
De Badlesmere E
De Barcelona E
De Benauges V
De Bohun Elenor A
De Bohun H 10th Baron
De Bohun Humphrey 8th Baron
De Bohun William D Earl of Northrope
De Brabant Henry II Duke
De Brabant Maud
De Brabant Matilda
De Brancestre A
De Bruley William
De Brun Ponce
De Camville Lodine
De Chateau De Loir (2)
De Chatellerault
De Conteville C
De Courtenay Alice
De Courtenay IE
De Creye Joan
De Creye Simon
De Dammartin J
De Ferrers Agatha
De Fezansac Aubri Count- The Burgundian
De Fezansac B
De Hornelade Amy
De La Fleche Jean
De Limsi John
De Limogoes Emma
De Linsay Baldric
De Longspee S
De Longspee William
De Lorraine Alberad
De Lusignan Alice
De Lusignan HHX
De Macon Beatrice
De Montfort B
De Montfort Simon
De Mortimer * EEO
De Mortimer Anne
De Normandy MM Empress
De Porhoet Alix
De Riddleford E.
De Roucy Ranaud
De Stafford Henry
De Taillefer Aymer
De Toesini De Limisi
De Toesini Ralf
De Toesini Roger
De Vere Mary
Decatton Jeanet
Decou Ann
Delafosse Hope
Dennison Elisha
Dennison Elizabeth
Dennison Henry
Dennison James L (2)
Dennison John
Dennison Mary
Dennison Nancy
Dennison Thomas
Dickey John Dr.
Dillingham Rebecca
Doane Hannah
Dobbins James
Dobbs Nora Myrtle
Donaldson Elizabeth
Dorset Martha
Douglas Elizabeth S
Downes Anne
Druliner Gamaliel
Du Maine E E
Easton John
Eayre Margaret
Eayres Richard
Echbaum Wilhemina
Eggers Harly
Eggers Ella (Maiden Name-Nielsen)
Eggers Earl
Eggers Virda
Eggers Gloria A (Maiden Name-Davis)
Eggers Micheal
Eggers Steve A.
Eggers Baby
Eggers (Living)
Eide Ora Sylvia
Elliot Mamie KC
Ellis Frances Marie
Elton Elizabeth
Enfield Lyle
Englefield Cecily
Englefield Nicholas
Eochaid Achalas King of Damasscus
Eochaid Heremon 1st King
Eochaid Irial
Erwin Louis Arthur J
Este Catherine
Eugene III King of Scotland
Eugene IV King of Scotland
Eustace (Sir) Knight
Eustace Alice
Eustace Thomas (Sir) Knight
Evelyn Jane Benne
Everard Mary
Everard Thomas
Eves Elizabeth
Eves Jane E
Eves Samuel (3)
Ewer Robert Justice of the peace
Exhurst Mary
Faidh Irial King of Ireland
Fail Muadha Fionn King of Ireland
Fairbanks Joel
Fairington Jane
Farsaidh Phoeniusa King of Scotland
Fenimore Ann
Fenimore Christopher
Fenimore Elizabeth
Fenimore Jane
Fenimore John (2)
Fenimore Jonathon
Fenimore Joseph (2)
Fenimore Joshua
Fenimore Mary
Fenimore Priscilla
Fenimore Rebecca
Fenimore Richard (2)
Fenimore Richard Jr.
Fenimore Samuel (3)
Fenimore Thomas
Fenimore William (4)
Fernando III King "the Saint"
Ferreol Geoffry I Count
Finch Daniel
Finch Daniel C.
Fionn Agnon King of Ireland
Firmin John
Fish Deborah
Fish John (2)
Fish Mary Molly
Fish Olive
Fish Ruth
Fish Stephen Cushing
Fitz-Allen Hoan
Flannigan Mary Ann
Fleming Rebecca
Foreman Charity
Forslin Pearl Ellen
Foster Sara
Fowle Joane
Fowler Alice (2)
Fowler Cecilia
Fowler Edmund
Fownload Henry (3)
Fowler Jane (2)
Fowler Jean
Fowler Peggy C
Fowler Richard (2)
Fowler Robert
Fowler Sybil (2)
Fowler Thomas (2)
Fowler Walter (2)
Fowler William (3)
Fox James Jr.
Frampton Elizabeth
France Isabella the Fair of (Princess)
Frappwell Mary
Frauncies
Freeman Jaan
Furman Josiah
Furman Josias
Fuurman Martha
Furma Richard
Furman Sarah
Gardiner Hester
Gardiner Minnie P
Gardner Joseph M
Garwood Hester
Garwood Rebecca
Gaskill Hope
Gaskill Martha
Gaunt Hope
Gaunt Martha
Gaunt Isreal
Gaunt Lydia
Gaunt Mary
Gaunt Mehitable
Gaunt Peter (2)
Gaunt Thomas (2)
Gaunt Zacharia
Gauntt Hananiah
Gauntt Mehetable
Gavett George
Geoffroy II Count of Fitzroy
Ggibbs Amy
Gilman Lydia
Gilman Mary
Glas Febric King of Scotland
Glas Gaodhal
Glosfathach Juran King of Ireland
Gordon Hugh Edward
Gough
Gough Edwine
Gray Lydia
Griffith M
Griffith Sara
Groom Mary
Grover Abigail
Grover James
Haiden Agnes
Haines Abraham
Haines Anner
Haines Jan E
Haines William
Hair Elsie Fae
Hall Joseph
Hamilton Helen
Hamilton Janet
Hamilton Jean
Hamilton Margaret
Hamilton Robert
Hampton Lydia
Hampton Thomas
Hardinage Polly
Harker Ethe Mae
Harkey Albert
Harlow Susanna
Harper Lucinda
Harrison Mary
Harrison Sarah
Hart Aaron
Hart Abigail(3)
Hart Amos
Hart Ann (2)
Hart Brideget
HartCatherine
Hart Charlotte
Hart Daniel (2)
Hart Deborah (5)
Hart E. Henry
Hart Edward (4)
Hart Elijah
Hart Elizabeth (6)
Hart Elmore
Hart Ephraim
Hart Eustace
Hart Frances
Hart George (2)
Hart Hugh
Hart Isaac
Hart James
Hart James m
Hart Jerusha
Hart Jesse
Hart Jessie
Hart Joanna
Hart Joel
Hart John (11) (2)General) (1) Gentlemen (2) Honerable Judge (1) Signer of the Declaration of Independence
Hart John Jr. (2)
Hart John Montgomery
Hart John Scudder
Hart Joseph (3)
Hart Lois
Hart Mabel
Hart Margaret
Hart Maria
Hart Martha (3)
Hart Mary (5)
Hart Mary J
Hart Mary Mildred
Hart Mattison
Hart Miss
Hart Mitchel
Hart N.J.
Hart Nancy
Hart Nancy Ann
Hart Naomi
Hart Nathanial Jr.
Hart Nathanial (2)
Hart Parmelia
Hart Ralph
Hart Richard
Hart Robert
Hart Samuel (3)
Hart Sarah (7)
Hart Sarah Lorretta
Hart Scudder (2)
Hart Susan (3)
Hart Susannah (3)
Hart Thomas (4)
Hart Thomas (Gentlemen)
Hart Uriah
Hart Virginia
Hart William (3)
Hart Zebulon Stout
Hart Zephania
Hastings Leroy
Havens or Hierens
Hawes Susan
Hawke Hannah
Hawke Sarah
Hayes Curtis
Hayne Dorothy
Hayne Mrs. Walter
Hayne Walter
Hazzard Elizabeth
Helphrey Albert Louis
Helphrey Amanda G
Helphrey Charles W
Helphrey Elizabeth A
Helphrey George W
Helphrey Harve S
Helphrey Isreal
Helphrey Rachel B
Helphrey Samuel E
Henault Phillipa Queen of England Wife of Edward the III King of England ( and my 20th Great Grandparents)
Henry John M
Hewlings Jacob (2)
Hewlings Rebecca
Hewlings Theodocia
Hiatt William Elliot
Hickman Leaha
Higgins Jediah
Hill Jane
Hinchman John
Hingley Leo Walter
Hollowell Benjamin (2)
Hollowell Elizabeth
Hollowell Hannah
Hollowell Mary
Hollowell Sarah
Holman William
Holme Agnes
Holmes Annette C
Holmes Charles Arthur
Holmes Charlotte E.
Holmes James M (2)
Holmes Mary E
Holmes Priscilla
Hlmes Sarah Addie
Hopton Barbara
Hopton Richard
Horner Hannah
Horsfield John
Horsley Constance
Horton Berthia
Houghton Elijah
Howe Emma Adell
Howes Dorothy
Hugg
Hugg Barzeallai
Hugg Jacob(2)
Hugg John
Hugg Samuel
Hughes Elizabeth
Hull Jane
Humphries Sarah
Hunt Anna
Hunt Edward (2)
Hunt John (2)
Hunt Lodena
Hunt Mary
Hunt Ralph
Hunt Ralph Sr.
Hunt Samuel
Hunt Thomas
Hunton George
I Corbred King of Ireland
I Crinan Abbot
I Donald King of Scotland
I Duncan King of Scotland
I Fergus King of Ireland
I Henry King of England
I Muireeadhach King of Ireland
Jackson Alonzo
Jackson Andrew A
Jacob Elizabeth
Jacob Jeal
Jacob Nicholas
Jacob Sarah
Jacobs Deborah
Jacobs Hannah
Jacobs John
Jacobs Joseph
Jacobs Josiah
Jacobs Sarah
James Elizabeth
Jennens Rachel
Jennings Anna K
Jennings Benjamin H
Jennings John Wilford
Jessop Elizabeth
Jessup Edward
Jessup Elizabeth Ann
Jessup Joanna
Jessup John
John John Willard
Johnson Cathy
Jones Andrew Jack
Jones John
Jones John Jr.
Jones Martha
Jones Sarah
Jones Frederick
Jones Ruby
Jones Evelyn ( Wife of Clyde D Walker Sr.)
Jones Freddy
Jordon Harvey
Kaighn Elizabeth
King Deliverance
King Hannah
King John
King Katherine
King Mehitable
King Samuel
King William (3)
Kinge Mary
Kinge Samuel
Kirby Ann
Kirk Addie Mildred
Knight Abel James
Knight Eliza
Knight Esther
Knight George J
Knight Giles (2)
Knight Isaac
Knight Isreal
Knight John
Knight Nathan T
Knowles Catherine
Knowles Jane
Knowles John (3)
Knowles Mary
Knyvet Margaret
Knyvet Sir John
Knyvet Sir William
Kurtz Jacob
Labhrainn Fiancha King of Ireland
Ladd Jonathon
Laidra Duach King of Ireland
Lane
Lane Margaret
Larue Samuel
Lathrop Joseph
Lawha Modha
Lawrence Anthony
Lawrence William
Le Cusyn Limisi Alan
Le Cusyn Limisi G
Le Cusyn Limisi Ralf (2)
Le Tossini Ralph
Leffel James
Lemon Jane
Lightfield Ethel
Limisi Ralph
Lincolin III John
Lippencott Aaron
Lippencott Abigail (2)
Lippincott Agnes
Lippincott Elizabeth
Lippincott Freedom
Lippincott Hope
Lippincott Jacob
Lippincott Job
Lippincott Josiah
Lippincott Mary
Lippincott Meribah
Lippincott Samuel (2)
Lippincott Samuel J
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Edward the III-20th GGfather

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This article is about the King of England. For the play attributed to William Shakespeare, see Edward III (play).

For the Duke of Bar, see Edward III, Duke of Bar.

Featured article
Edward III
King of England (more...)
Reign 1 February 1327 – 21 June 1377 (&000000000000005000000050 years, &0000000000000140000000140 days)
Coronation 1 February 1327
Predecessor Edward II
Successor Richard II
Regent Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
& Queen Isabella (de facto)
Council inc. Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (1327–1330; de jure)
Consort Philippa of Hainault
m. 1328; dec. 1369
Issue
Edward, Prince of Wales The Black Prince
Isabella, Lady of Coucy
Lady Joan
Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
Mary of Waltham, Duchess of Brittany
Margaret of Windsor, Countess of Pembroke
Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester
House House of Plantagenet
Father Edward II
Mother Isabella of France
Born 13 November 1312(1312-11-13)
Windsor Castle, Berkshire
Died 21 June 1377(1377-06-21) (aged 64)
Sheen Palace, Richmond
Burial Westminster Abbey, London

Edward III (of Windsor) (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377)[1] was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into one of the most efficient military powers in Europe. His reign saw vital developments in legislature and government—in particular the evolution of the English parliament—as well as the ravages of the Black Death. He remained on the throne for 50 years; no English monarch had reigned for as long since Henry III, and none would again until George III, as King of the United Kingdom.

Edward was crowned at the age of fourteen, following the deposition of his father. When he was only seventeen years old, he led a coup against his regent, Roger Mortimer, and began his personal reign. After defeating, but not subjugating, the Kingdom of Scotland, he declared himself rightful heir to the French throne in 1338, starting what would become known as the Hundred Years' War. Following some initial setbacks, the war went exceptionally well for England; the victories of Crécy and Poitiers led up to the highly favourable Treaty of Brétigny. Edward’s later years, however, were marked by international failure and domestic strife, largely as a result of his inertia and eventual bad health.

Edward III was a temperamental man, but also capable of great clemency. He was, in most ways, a conventional king, mainly interested in warfare. Highly revered in his own time and for centuries after, Edward was denounced as an irresponsible adventurer by later Whig historians. This view has turned, and modern historiography credits him with many achievements.[2]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Biography
o 1.1 Early life
o 1.2 Early reign
o 1.3 Fortunes of war
o 1.4 Later reign
* 2 Achievements of the reign
o 2.1 Legislation
o 2.2 Parliament and taxation
o 2.3 Chivalry and national identity
* 3 Assessment and character
* 4 Fictional portrayals
* 5 Titles, styles, honours and arms
o 5.1 Arms
* 6 Family tree
* 7 Ancestry
* 8 Issue
* 9 Footnotes
* 10 References
o 10.1 General
+ 10.1.1 King
+ 10.1.2 Reign
o 10.2 War
o 10.3 Education
o 10.4 Chivalry
o 10.5 Parliament
o 10.6 Law and administration
* 11 External links

[edit] Biography
[edit] Early life

Edward was born at Windsor on 13 November 1312, and was called Edward of Windsor in his early years. The reign of his father, Edward II, was rife with military defeat, rebellious barons and corrupt courtiers, but the birth of a male heir in 1312 temporarily improved Edward II's position on the throne [3] To further this end, in what was probably an attempt by his father to shore up royal supremacy after years of discontent, Edward was created Earl of Chester at the age of only twelve days, and less than two months later, his father gave him a full household of servants for his court, so he could live independently as if he were a full adult Nobleman.[2]

On 20 January 1327, when the young Edward was fourteen years old, his mother the queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer deposed the king. Edward, now Edward III, was crowned on 1 February, with Isabella and Mortimer as regents. Mortimer, the de facto ruler of England, subjected the young king to constant disrespect and humiliation. On 24 January 1328 the fifteen-year-old king married thirteen year old Philippa of Hainault at York Minster.[4]

Mortimer knew his position was precarious, especially after Philippa had a son on 15 June 1330.[5] He used his power to acquire noble estates and titles, many of them belonging to Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel. FitzAlan, who had remained loyal to Edward II in his struggle with Isabella and Mortimer, had been executed on 17 November 1326. However Mortimer's greed and arrogance caused many of the other nobles to hate him; all this was not lost on the young king.

The young, headstrong king had not forgotten the fate of his father, or how he himself had been treated as a child. At almost 18 years old, Edward was ready to take his revenge. On 19 October 1330, Mortimer and Isabella were sleeping at Nottingham Castle. Under the cover of night, a group loyal to Edward entered the fortress through a secret passageway and burst into Mortimer's quarters. Those conducting the coup arrested Mortimer in the name of the king, and he was taken to the Tower of London. Stripped of his land and titles, he was hauled before the 17-year-old king and accused of assuming royal authority over England. Edward's mother—presumably pregnant with Mortimer's child—begged her son for mercy to no avail. Without trial, Edward sentenced Mortimer to death one month after the coup. As Mortimer was executed, Edward's mother was exiled in Castle Rising where she reportedly miscarried. By his 18th birthday, Edward's vengeance was complete and he became absolute ruler of England.
[edit] Early reign
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Gold Noble of Edward III, 1344, 33mm, 6.78g.
'Chaucer at the Court of Edward III'.

Edward chose to renew the military conflict with the Kingdom of Scotland in which his father and grandfather had engaged with varying success. Edward repudiated the Treaty of Northampton that had been signed during the regency, thus renewing claims of English sovereignty over Scotland and resulting in the Second War of Scottish Independence.

Intending to regain what the English had conceded, he won back control of Berwick and secured a decisive English victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333 against the forces of the boy-king David II of Scotland. Edward III was now in a position to put Edward Balliol on the throne of Scotland and claim a reward of 2,000 librates of land in the southern counties - the Lothians, Roxburghshire, Berwickshire, Dumfriesshire, Lanarkshire and Peebleshire. Despite the victories of Dupplin and Halidon, the Bruce party soon started to recover and by the close of 1335 and the Battle of Culblean, the Plantagenet occupation was in difficulties and the Balliol party was fast losing ground.

At this time, in 1336, Edward III's brother John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall died. John of Fordun's Gesta Annalia is alone in claiming that Edward killed his brother in a quarrel at Perth.

Although Edward III committed very large armies to Scottish operations, by 1337 the vast majority of Scotland had been recovered by the forces of David II, leaving only a few castles such as Edinburgh, Roxburgh and Stirling in Plantagenet possession. These installations were not adequate to impose Edward's rule and by 1338/9 Edward had moved from a policy of conquest to one of containment.
Edward III seizes Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, the lover of his mother, Isabella of France.

Edward faced military problems on two fronts; the challenge from the French monarchy was of no less concern. The French represented a problem in three areas: first, they provided constant support to the Scottish through the Franco-Scottish alliance. Philip VI protected David II in exile, and supported Scottish raids in Northern England. Second, the French attacked several English coastal towns, leading to rumours in England of a full-scale invasion.[6] Finally, the English king's possessions in France were under threat—in 1337, Philip VI confiscated the duchy of Aquitaine and the county of Ponthieu.

Instead of seeking a peaceful solution to the conflict by paying homage to the French king, Edward laid claim to the French crown as the only living male descendant of his deceased maternal grandfather, Philip IV. The French, however, invoked the Salic law of succession and rejected the claim, pronouncing Philip IV's nephew, Philip VI, the true heir (see below) and thereby setting the stage for the Hundred Years' War. Edward incorporated England's coat of arms, passant lions, and France's coat of arms, the fleurs de lys, and declared himself king of both England and France.[7]
Edward III becomes Vicar to the Emperor Ludwig IV.

In the war against France, Edward built alliances and fought by proxy through minor French princes. In 1338, Louis IV named him vicar-general of the Holy Roman Empire, and promised his support. These measures, however, produced few results; the only major military gain made in this phase of the war was the English naval victory at Sluys on 24 June 1340, where 16,000 French soldiers and sailors died.

Meanwhile, the fiscal pressure on the kingdom caused by Edward's expensive alliances led to discontent at home. In response he returned unannounced on 30 November 1340. Finding the affairs of the realm in disorder, he purged the royal administration,[8] and defaulted on England's external debt (the first of only two defaults on such debt in all of English history)[9] which may have contributed to the collapse of Compagnia dei Bardi. These measures did not bring domestic stability, however, and a standoff ensued between the king and John de Stratford, the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Edward, at the Parliament of England of April 1341, was forced to accept severe limitations to his financial and administrative prerogatives. Yet, in October of the same year, the king repudiated this statute, and Archbishop Stratford was politically ostracised. The extraordinary circumstances of the 1341 parliament had forced the king into submission, but under normal circumstances the powers of the king in medieval England were virtually unlimited, and Edward took advantage of this.[10]
[edit] Fortunes of war
Coin of Edward III as Duke of Aquitaine, 3.86g.
Edward III refuses to release forces to relieve his son, Edward, the Black Prince, at the Battle of Crécy.

After much inconclusive campaigning in Continental Europe, Edward decided to stage a major offensive in 1346, sailing for Normandy with a force of 15,000 men.[11] His army sacked the city of Caen and marched across northern France. On 26 August he met the French king's forces in pitched battle at Crécy and won a decisive victory. Meanwhile, back home, William Zouche, the Archbishop of York mobilized an army to oppose David II, who had returned, defeating and capturing him at the Battle of Neville's Cross on 17 October. With his northern border having been secured, Edward felt free to continue his major offensive against France, laying siege to the town of Calais, which fell after almost a year—probably the greatest single military operation undertaken by the English state in the Middle Ages[citation needed]—in August of 1347.

After the death of the Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV in October of 1347, his son Louis V, Duke of Bavaria negotiated with Edward to compete against the new German king Charles IV, but Edward finally decided in May 1348 not to run for the German crown.

In 1348, the Black Death struck Europe with full force, killing a third or more of England's population.[12] This loss of manpower meant a halt to major campaigning. The great landowners struggled with the shortage of manpower and the resulting inflation in labor cost. Attempting to cap wages, the king and parliament responded with the Ordinance of Labourers (1349) and the Statute of Labourers (1351). The plague did not, however, lead to a full-scale breakdown of government and society, and recovery was remarkably swift.[13]

In 1356, Edward's oldest son, Edward, the Black Prince, won a great victory at the battle of Poitiers. The greatly outnumbered English forces not only routed the French but captured the French king, John II. After a succession of victories, the English held great possessions in France, the French king was in English custody, and the French central government had almost totally collapsed. Whether Edward's claim to the French crown originally was genuine or just a political ploy,[14] it now seemed to be within reach. Yet a campaign in 1359, meant to complete the undertaking, was inconclusive. In 1360, therefore, Edward accepted the Treaty of Brétigny, whereby he renounced his claims to the French throne but secured his extended French possessions in full sovereignty.
[edit] Later reign
Edward III and Edward, the Black Prince
Edward III vows to end the wars.

While Edward's early reign had been energetic and successful, his later years were marked by inertia, military failure and political strife. The day-to-day affairs of the state had less appeal to Edward than military campaigning, so during the 1360s Edward increasingly relied on the help of his subordinates, in particular William Wykeham. A relative upstart, Wykeham was made Lord Privy Seal in 1363 and Lord Chancellor in 1367, though due to political difficulties connected with his inexperience, the Parliament forced him to resign the chancellorship in 1371.[15]

Compounding Edward's difficulties were the deaths of his most trusted men, some from the 1361–62 recurrence of the plague. William Montacute, Edward's companion in the 1330 coup, was dead by 1344. William de Clinton, who had also been with the king at Nottingham, died in 1354. One of the earls of 1337, William de Bohun, died in 1360, and the next year Henry of Grosmont, perhaps the greatest of Edward's captains, succumbed to what was probably plague. Their deaths left the majority of the magnates younger and more naturally aligned to the princes than to the king himself.

The king's second son, Lionel of Antwerp, attempted to subdue by force the largely autonomous Anglo-Irish lords in Ireland. The venture failed, and the only lasting mark he left were the suppressive Statutes of Kilkenny in 1366.[16]

In France, meanwhile, the decade following the Treaty of Brétigny was one of relative tranquillity, but on 8 April 1364 John II died in captivity in England, after unsuccessfully trying to raise his own ransom at home. He was followed by the vigorous Charles V, who enlisted the help of the capable Constable Bertrand du Guesclin.[17] In 1369, the French war started anew, and Edward's younger son John of Gaunt was given the responsibility of a military campaign. The effort failed, and with the Treaty of Bruges in 1375, the great English possessions in France were reduced to only the coastal towns of Calais, Bordeaux and Bayonne.[18]

Military failure abroad and the associated fiscal pressure of campaigning led to political discontent at home. The problems came to a head in the parliament of 1376, the so-called Good Parliament. The parliament was called to grant taxation, but the House of Commons took the opportunity to address specific grievances. In particular, criticism was directed at some of the king's closest advisors. Lord Chamberlain William Latimer and Lord Steward John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby were dismissed from their positions. Edward's mistress, Alice Perrers, who was seen to hold far too much power over the aging king, was banished from court.[19]

Yet the real adversary of the Commons, supported by powerful men such as Wykeham and Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, was John of Gaunt. Both the king and the Black Prince were by this time incapacitated by illness, leaving Gaunt in virtual control of government. Gaunt was forced to give in to the demands of parliament, but by its next convocation, in 1377, most of the achievements of the Good Parliament were reversed.[20]

Edward himself, however, did not have much to do with any of this; after around 1375 he played a limited role in the government.[21] Around 29 September 1376 he fell ill with a large abscess. After a brief period of recovery in February, the king died of a stroke (some sources say gonorrhea[22]) at Sheen on 21 June.[21] He was succeeded by his ten-year-old grandson, King Richard II, son of the Black Prince, since the Black Prince himself had died on 8 June 1376.
[edit] Achievements of the reign
[edit] Legislation

The middle years of Edward's reign was a period of significant activity. Perhaps the best known piece of legislation was the Statute of Labourers of 1351, which addressed the labour shortage problem caused by the Black Death. The statute fixed wages at their pre-plague level and checked peasant mobility by asserting that lords had first claim on their men's services. In spite of concerted efforts to uphold the statute, it eventually failed due to competition among landowners for labour.[23] The law has been described as an attempt "to legislate against the law of supply and demand", making it doomed to failure.[24] Nevertheless, the labour shortage had created a community of interest between the smaller landowners of the House of Commons and the greater landowners of the House of Lords. The resulting measures angered the peasants, leading to the Peasants' Revolt of 1381.[25]

The reign of Edward III coincided with the Babylonian Captivity of the papacy at Avignon. During the wars with France, opposition emerged in England against perceived injustices by a papacy largely controlled by the French crown. Papal taxation of the English Church was suspected to be financing the nation's enemies, while the practice of provisions — the Pope providing benefices for clerics — caused resentment in the English population. The statutes of Provisors and Praemunire, of 1350 and 1353 respectively, aimed to amend this by banning papal benefices, as well as limiting the power of the papal court over English subjects.[26] The statutes did not, however, sever the ties between the king and the Pope, who were equally dependent upon each other.

Other legislation of importance includes the Treason Act of 1351. It was precisely the harmony of the reign that allowed a consensus on the definition of this controversial crime.[27] Yet the most significant legal reform was probably that concerning the Justices of the Peace. This institution began before the reign of Edward III, but by 1350, the justices had been given the power not only to investigate crimes and make arrests, but also to try cases, including those of felony. With this, an enduring fixture in the administration of local English justice had been created.[28]
[edit] Parliament and taxation

Parliament was not the representative institution it became in the 15th century; it was however well established by the time of Edward III.[29] During this period membership in the English baronage, formerly a somewhat indistinct group, became restricted to those who received a personal summons to parliament.[30] This happened as parliament gradually developed into a bicameral institution composed of a House of Lords and a House of Commons. The political composition of the Commons was static, typically burgesses, with the introduction of more lawyers during the reign. Informative is the Good Parliament, where the Commons for the first time — albeit with noble support — were responsible for precipitating a political crisis.[31] In the process, both the procedure of impeachment and the office of the Speaker were created.

The political influence of the Commons originally lay in its right to grant taxes, but few were after 1341. The financial demands of the Hundred Years' War were enormous - at one point leading to the king declaring bankruptcy - and the king and his ministers tried different methods of covering the expenses. The king had a steady income from crown lands, and could also take up substantial loans from Italian and domestic financiers. To finance warfare on Edward III's scale, however, the king had to resort to taxation of his subjects. Taxation took two primary forms: levy and customs. The levy was a grant of a proportion of all moveable property, normally a tenth for towns and a fifteenth for farmland. This could produce large sums of money, but each such levy had to be approved by parliament, and the king had to prove the necessity.[32] The customs therefore provided a welcome supplement, as a steady and reliable source of income. An 'ancient duty' on the export of wool had existed since 1275. Edward I had tried to introduce an additional duty on wool, but this unpopular maltolt, or 'unjust exaction', was soon abandoned. Then, from 1336 onwards, a series of schemes aimed at increasing royal revenues from wool export were introduced. After some initial problems and discontent, it was agreed through the Ordinance of the Staple of 1353 that the new customs should be approved by parliament, though in reality they became permanent.[33]

Through the steady taxation of Edward III's reign, parliament—and in particular the Commons[34] —gained political influence.[35] A consensus emerged in 1376 when the Commons elected a Speaker Peter de la Mare.[36] that in order for a tax to be just, the king had to "live of its own",[37] as granted by the community of the realm, and for the benefit of that community.[38] For example when London was hit by the plague of 1374-5, the King ordered street cleansing to sterilise the city.[39] In addition to imposing taxes, parliament would also present petitions for redress of grievances to the king, most often concerning misgovernment by royal officials.[40] This way the court system was beneficial for both parties. Through this process the commons, and the community they represented, became increasingly politically aware, and the foundation was laid during the 'Good Parliament of 1376' for the particular English brand of constitutional monarchy.[41][42]
[edit] Chivalry and national identity
The Great Seal of Edward III

Central to Edward III's policy was reliance on the higher nobility for purposes of war and administration. While his father had regularly been in conflict with a great portion of his peerage, Edward III successfully created a spirit of camaraderie between himself and his greatest subjects.

Both Edward I and Edward II had conducted a policy of limitation, allowing the creation of few peerages during the sixty years preceding Edward III's reign. The young king reversed this policy when, in 1337, as a preparation for the imminent war, he created six new earls on the same day.[43] At the same time, Edward expanded the ranks of the peerage upwards, by introducing the new title of duke for close relatives of the king.

Furthermore, Edward bolstered the sense of community within this group by the creation of the Order of the Garter, probably in 1348. A plan from 1344 to revive the Round Table of King Arthur never came to fruition, but the new order carried connotations from this legend by the circular shape of the garter. Polydore Vergil tells of how the young Joan of Kent, Countess of Salisbury —the king's favourite at the time—accidentally dropped her garter at a ball at Calais. King Edward responded to the ridicule of the crowd by tying the garter around his own knee with the words honi soit qui mal y pense—shame on him who thinks ill of it.[44]

This reinforcement of the aristocracy must be seen in conjunction with the war in France, as must the emerging sense of national identity. Just as the war with Scotland had done, the fear of a French invasion helped strengthen a sense of national unity, and nationalise the aristocracy that had been largely Anglo-French since the Norman conquest. Since the time of Edward I, popular myth suggested that the French planned to extinguish the English language, and as his grandfather had done, Edward III made the most of this scare.[45] As a result, the English language experienced a strong revival; in 1362, a Statute of Pleading ordered the English language to be used in law courts [1] and, the year after, Parliament was for the first time opened in English.[46] At the same time, the vernacular saw a revival as a literary language, through the works of William Langland, John Gower and especially The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer.

Yet the extent of this Anglicisation must not be exaggerated. The statute of 1362 was in fact written in the French language and had little immediate effect,[2] and parliament was opened in that language as late as 1377.[47] The Order of the Garter, though a distinctly English institution, included also foreign members such as John V, Duke of Brittany and Sir Robert of Namur.[48] Edward III—himself bilingual—viewed himself as legitimate king of both England and France, and could not show preferential treatment for one part of his domains over another.
[edit] Assessment and character
Effigies of Edward III. and Queen Philippa; from their tombs in Westminster Abbey

Edward III enjoyed unprecedented popularity in his own lifetime, and even the troubles of his later reign were never blamed directly on the king himself.[49] Edward's contemporary Jean Froissart wrote in his Chronicles that "His like had not been seen since the days of King Arthur".[50] This view persisted for a while, but, with time, the image of the king changed. The Whig historians of a later age preferred constitutional reform to foreign conquest and discredited Edward for ignoring his responsibilities to his own nation. In the words of Bishop Stubbs:
“ Edward III was not a statesman, though he possessed some qualifications which might have made him a successful one. He was a warrior; ambitious, unscrupulous, selfish, extravagant and ostentatious. His obligations as a king sat very lightly on him. He felt himself bound by no special duty, either to maintain the theory of royal supremacy or to follow a policy which would benefit his people. Like Richard I, he valued England primarily as a source of supplies.

William Stubbs, The Constitutional History of England[51]

”

Influential as Stubbs was, it was long before this view was challenged. In a 1960 article, titled "Edward III and the Historians", May McKisack pointed out the teleological nature of Stubbs' judgement. A medieval king could not be expected to work towards the future ideal of a parliamentary monarchy; rather his role was a pragmatic one—to maintain order and solve problems as they arose. At this, Edward III excelled.[52] Edward had also been accused of endowing his younger sons too liberally and thereby promoting dynastic strife culminating in the Wars of the Roses. This claim was rejected by K.B. McFarlane, who argued that this was not only the common policy of the age, but also the best.[53] Later biographers of the king such as Mark Ormrod and Ian Mortimer have followed this historiographical trend. However, the older negative view has not completely disappeared; as recently as 2001, Norman Cantor described Edward III as an "avaricious and sadistic thug" and a "destructive and merciless force."[54]

From what we know of Edward's character, he could be impulsive and temperamental, as was seen by his actions against Stratford and the ministers in 1340/41.[55] At the same time, he was well-known for his clemency; Mortimer's grandson was not only absolved, but came to play an important part in the French wars, and was eventually made a knight of the Garter.[56] Both in his religious views and his interests, he was a conventional man. His favourite pursuit was the art of war, and, as such, he conformed to the medieval notion of good kingship.[57] As a warrior he was so successful that one modern military historian has described him as the greatest general in English history.[58] He seems to have been unusually devoted to his wife, Queen Philippa. Much has been made of Edward's sexual licentiousness, but there is no evidence of any infidelity on the king's part before Alice Perrers became his lover, and, by that time, the queen was already terminally ill.[59] He is quite unusual among medieval English monarchs in having no known illegitimate children. This devotion extended to the rest of the family as well; in contrast to so many of his predecessors, Edward never experienced opposition from any of his five adult sons.[60]
[edit] Fictional portrayals

Edward is the central character in the play Edward III, sometimes attributed to William Shakespeare. He also appears as a boy in Edward II by Christopher Marlowe. Edward is also the protagonist of William Blake's early drama Edward the Third, part of his Poetical Sketches, published in 1783. George Bernard Shaw portrayed Edward for dramatic purposes as, in Shaw's preface to The Six of Calais, behaving himself like an unrestrained human being in a very trying situation.

Edward III has rarely been portrayed on screen. He was portrayed by Charles Kent in the 1911 silent short The Death of King Edward III and by Michael Hordern in the 1955 film The Dark Avenger, about Edward, the Black Prince. As a boy he has been portrayed by Stéphane Combesco in the 1982 French TV adaptation of Marlowe's play and by Jody Graber in Derek Jarman's 1991 version.

Although he did not appear in the film, Edward is stated to be the son of Isabella and the Scottish rebel, William Wallace, in the film Braveheart. This is impossible, as Wallace died 7 years before Edward was born when Isabella was about 17 years old. It is extremely unlikely William Wallace and Isabella ever met.

Edward appears in the Bernard Cornwell novel Harlequin and in Maurice Druon's series of historical novels The Accursed Kings. Actor Aurélien Wiik played him in the 2005 French TV series adaptation of these novels. Edward is a major character in The King's Mistress by Emma Campion and her Owen Archer mystery novel "The Lady Chapel" under the name Candace Robb. Edward appears in the novel World Without End, the sequel to Pillars of the Earth, by Ken Follet. He also appears briefly in The First Princess of Whales, by Karen Harper.
[edit] Titles, styles, honours and arms
[edit] Arms

Like his father and grandfather before him, Edward's arms as heir-apparent were differenced by a label azure of three points, which he lost when he acceded the throne.[61] Part-way through his reign, in 1340, he altered those arms by quartering them with those of France, to signal his claim thereto.

*

shield as heir-apparent
*

First shield as King
*

Second shield as King
*

With supporters and crest

[edit] Family tree

Edward was a descendant of Henry II of England, first, via his father's descent from Henry II's son John of England, and also through his mother, Isabella, who was descended from Henry's daughter, Eleanor. His relationship to the French Royal House of Capet is shown in the simplified family tree below. His line of descent from William the Conqueror can be seen at the English monarchs family tree.
Philip III
(1270–1285)





Philip IV
(1285–1314)





























Charles of Valois
(† 1325)








































































































Louis X
(1314–1316) Philip V
(1316–1322) Charles IV
(1322–1328) Isabella

Edward II Philip VI
(1328–1350)








Edward III
[edit] Ancestry
Ancestors of Edward III of England[show]


































16. John of England











8. Henry III of England


















17. Isabella of Angoulême











4. Edward I of England
























18. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence











9. Eleanor of Provence


















19. Beatrice of Savoy











2. Edward II of England






























20. Alfonso IX of Leon











10. Ferdinand III of Castile


















21. Berenguela of Castile











5. Eleanor of Castile
























22. Simon of Dammartin, Count of Ponthieu











11. Joan, Countess of Ponthieu


















23. Marie of Ponthieu, Countess of Montreuil











1. Edward III of England




































24. Louis IX of France











12. Philip III of France


















25. Margaret of Provence











6. Philip IV of France
























26. James I of Aragon











13. Isabella of Aragon


















27. Violant of Hungary











3. Isabella of France






























28. Theobald I of Navarre











14. Henry I of Navarre


















29. Margaret of Bourbon











7. Joan I of Navarre
























30. Robert I of Artois











15. Blanche of Artois


















31. Matilda of Brabant










[edit] Issue
Arms of Edward III and his sons, Trinity College Cambridge
Main article: Issue of Edward III of England
Name Birth Death
Edward, the Black Prince 15 June 1330 8 June 1376
Isabella 16 June 1332 1379
Joan 1333 2 September 1348
William of Hatfield 16 February 1337 8 July 1337
Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence 29 November 1338 7 October 1368
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 6 March 1340 3 February 1399
Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 5 June 1341 1 August 1402
Blanche 1342 1342
Mary 10 October 1344 1362
Margaret 20 July 1346 1361
William of Windsor 24 June 1348 5 September 1348
Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester 7 January 1355 8/9 September 1397

Philippa of Hainault- My 20th GGmother

Tenure 24 January 1328 – 15 August 1369
Coronation 4 March 1330
Spouse Edward III of Windsor
Issue
Edward, Prince of Wales The Black Prince
Isabella, Lady of Coucy
Lady Joan
Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
Mary of Waltham, Duchess of Brittany
Margaret of Windsor, Countess of Pembroke
Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester
House House of Plantagenet
Father William I, Count of Hainaut
Mother Joan of Valois
Born 24 June 1314(1314-06-24)
Valenciennes
Died 15 August 1369(1369-08-15) (aged 55)
Windsor Castle
Burial Westminster Abbey











Philippa of Hainault, or, Philippe (d'Avesnes) de Hainaut (24 June[1] 1314 – 15 August 1369) was the Queen consort of King Edward III of England[2] from her marriage on 24 January 1328 until her death at the age of 55, which was the result of an illness closely related to dropsy. Edward, Duke of Guyenne, her future husband, promised in 1326 to marry her within the coming two years. [3] She got married to Edward, first by proxy : Edward, dispatched the bishop (Roger) of Coventry " to marry her in his name " in Valenciennes, (second city in importance of the county of Hainault) on October 1327. [4] The marriage was celebrated in York cathedral on January 24th, 1328, some months after Edward's accession to the throne of England. In August, 1328, he also fixed his wife’s dowry. [5]

Philippa acted as regent on several occasions when her husband was away from his kingdom, and she often accompanied him on his expeditions to Scotland, France, and Flanders. Philippa won much popularity with the English people for her kindness and compassion which was demonstrated in 1347 when she successfully persuaded King Edward to spare the lives of the Burghers of Calais. It was this popularity that helped maintain peace in England throughout Edward's long reign.[6]

The eldest of her 14 children was Edward, the Black Prince, a renowned military leader.

The Queen's College, Oxford was founded in her honour.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Family
* 2 Betrothal
* 3 Queen of England
* 4 Later years and death
* 5 Issue
* 6 Legacy
* 7 Ancestry
* 8 Notes
* 9 Sources
* 10 See also

[edit] Family

Philippa was born in Valenciennes, county of Hainaut, a daughter of William I, Count of Hainault, and Joan of Valois, the granddaughter of Philip III of France.[7] She was one of eight children and the second of five daughters. Her eldest sister Margaret married in 1324 Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor; and in 1345, she became the suo jure Countess of Hainault upon the death of their brother William in battle.

Philippa was interested in learning, and was an avid reader like her mother, Joan of Valois, who introduced French literary culture to the court of Hainault.
[edit] Betrothal

King Edward II had decided that an alliance with Flanders would benefit England and sent Bishop Stapledon of Exeter on the Continent. He crossed, during his travel, the border from Flanders to country of Hainaut to inspect the daughters of Count William of Hainaut to determine which girl would be the most suitable as an eventual bride for Prince Edward. The bishop's report to the king as regards Philippa (who was about eight years old at that time) reads in part: "The lady ..... has not uncomely hair, betwixt blue-black and brown. Her head is clean-shaped; her forehead high and broad, and standing somewhat forward. Her face narrows between the eyes, and the lower part of her face is still more narrow and slender than the forehead. Her eyes are blackish-brown and deep. Her nose is fairly smooth and even, save that it is somewhat broad at the tip and flattened, yet it is no snub-nose. Her nostrils are also broad, her mouth fairly wide. Her lips somewhat full, and especially the lower lip. Her teeth which have fallen and grown again are white enough, but the rest are not so white. The lower teeth project a little beyond the upper; yet this is but little seen. Her ears and chin are comely enough. Her neck, shoulders, and all her body and lower limbs are reasonably well shapen; all her limbs are well set and unmaimed; and nought is amiss so far as a man may see. Moreover, she is of brown skin all over like her father; and in all things she is pleasant enough, as it seems to us."

Four years later Philippa was betrothed to Prince Edward when in the summer of 1326 Queen Isabella arrived at the Hainault court seeking aid from Count William to depose King Edward. Prince Edward had accompanied his mother to Hainault where she arranged the betrothal in exchange for assistance from the Count. As the couple were second cousins, a Papal dispensation was required;[8] and it was sent from Pope John XXII at Avignon in September 1327. Philippa and her retinue arrived in England in December 1327 escorted by her uncle Sir John of Hainault. On 23 December she reached London where a "rousing reception was accorded her".[9]
[edit] Queen of England
Philippa of Hainault by Jean Froissart

Philippa married Edward at York Minster, on 24 January 1328, eleven months after his accession to the English throne; although, the de facto rulers of the kingdom were his mother, Queen Dowager Isabella and her avaricious lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March who jointly acted as his regents. Soon after their marriage the couple retired to live at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire. Unlike many of her predecessors, Philippa did not alienate the English people by retaining her foreign retinue upon her marriage or bringing large numbers of foreigners to the English court. As Isabella did not wish to relinquish her status as Queen Dowager, Philippa's coronation was postponed for two years. She was eventually crowned queen on 4 March 1330 at Westminster Abbey when she was almost six months pregnant;[10] and she gave birth to her first son, Edward, the following June just nine days before her sixteenth birthday.

In October 1330, King Edward commenced his personal rule when he staged a coup and ordered the arrest of his mother and Mortimer. The latter was shortly afterwards executed for treason, and Queen Dowager Isabella was sent to Castle Rising in Norfolk, where she spent the remainder of her life.

Joshua Barnes, a medieval writer, said "Queen Philippa was a very good and charming person that exceeded most ladies for sweetness of nature and virtuous disposition." Chronicler Jean Froissart described her as "The most gentle Queen, most liberal, and most courteous that ever was Queen in her days."

Philippa accompanied Edward on his expeditions to Scotland, and the Continent in his early campaigns of the Hundred Years War where she won acclaim for her gentle nature and compassion. She is best remembered as the kind woman who, in 1347, persuaded her husband to spare the lives of the Burghers of Calais, whom he had planned to execute as an example to the townspeople following his successful siege of that city.

She acted as regent in England on several occasions when her husband was away from his kingdom. She also influenced the King to take an interest in the nation's commercial expansion.[11]Philippa was a patron of the chronicler Jean Froissart, and she owned several illuminated manuscripts, one of which is currently housed in the national library in Paris.
[edit] Later years and death
Effigies of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault

Always buxom and matronly, Philippa's figure had become stout in her later years. She had given birth to 14 children and outlived nine of them; two having died of the Black Death in 1348.

On 15 August 1369, Philippa died of an illness similar to dropsy in Windsor Castle at the age of 55. She was given a state funeral six months later on 29 January 1370 and interred at Westminster Abbey. Her tomb, on the south side of the Chapel of Edward the Confessor, displays her alabaster effigy which was executed by sculptor Jean de Liège.

By all accounts, her 40-year marriage to Edward had been happy, despite his adulterous affair with her lady-in-waiting, Alice Perrers, during the latter part of it.
[edit] Issue
Philippa of Hainault's arms as Queen consort[12]
Main article: Issue of Edward III of England

Philippa and Edward had thirteen children,[13] including five sons who lived into adulthood and whose rivalry would, in the 15th century, bring about the long-running and bloody dynastic wars known as the Wars of the Roses.

* Edward, the Black Prince (1330 – 1376)
* Isabella of England (1332 – 1379)
* Joan of England (1335 – 1348)
* William of Hatfield (16 February - 8 July 1337)
* Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (1338 – 1368)
* John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340 – 1399)
* Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (1341 – 1402)
* Blanche (1342 – 1342)
* Mary (1344 – 1362)
* Margaret (1346 – 1361)
* Thomas of Windsor (1347 – 1348)
* William of Windsor (24 June 1348 – 5 September 1348)
* Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (1355 – 1397)

[edit] Legacy
Philippa of Hainault, by an anonymous artist

Through her children, Philippa reintroduced the bloodline of an earlier English King, Stephen, into the royal family. She was descended from Stephen through Matilda of Brabant, the wife of Floris IV, Count of Holland. Their daughter Adelaide of Holland married John I of Avesnes, Count of Hainaut, Philippa's paternal great-grandfather. Matilda of Brabant in turn was the great-granddaughter of Stephen through her mother Matilda of Boulogne, the wife of Henry I, Duke of Brabant.

Philippa was also a descendant of Harold II of England through his daughter Gytha of Wessex, married to Vladimir II Monomakh of Kiev. His bloodline, however, had been reintroduced to the English royal family by Philippa's mother-in-law, Isabella of France, a granddaughter of Isabella of Aragon, the wife of Philip III of France. Isabella of Aragon's mother, Violant of Hungary, was a daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, a grandson of Géza II by Euphrosyne of Kiev, herself a granddaughter of Gytha. She was matrilineally descended from Elizabeth the Cuman (born before 1241), a daughter of Kuthen, Khan of the Cumens,[14] thus bringing Central Asian blood into the English royal line.[15]

The Queen's College, Oxford is named after Philippa. It was founded in 1341 by one of her chaplains, Robert de Eglesfield, in her honour.

Philippa is also known to be the most royal Queen consort of England due to her four great-grandfathers having been kings of France, Aragon, Naples, and Hungary.
[edit] Ancestry
Ancestors of Philippa of Hainault[show]


































16. Bouchard IV of Avesnes











8. John I of Avesnes


















17. Margaret II, Countess of Flanders











4. John II, Count of Holland
























18. Floris IV, Count of Holland











9. Adelaide of Holland


















19. Matilde of Brabant











2. William I, Count of Hainaut






























20. Waleran III of Limburg











10. Henry V of Luxembourg


















21. Ermesinda of Luxembourg











5. Philippa of Luxembourg
























22. Henry II, Count of Bar











11. Margaret of Bar


















23. Philippa de Dreux











1. Philippa of Hainault




































24. Louis IX of France











12. Philip III of France


















25. Margaret of Provence











6. Charles of Valois
























26. James I of Aragon











13. Isabella of Aragon


















27. Violant of Hungary











3. Joan of Valois






























28. Charles I of Naples











14. Charles II of Naples


















29. Beatrice of Provence











7. Margaret, Countess of Anjou
























30. Stephen V of Hungary











15. Maria of Hungary


















31. Elizabeth the Cuman










[edit] Notes

1. ^ David Williamson, Debrett's Kings and Queens of Britain, p.81, Webb and Bower Publishers, Ltd., London, 1986
2. ^ Strickland, Agnes, Lives of the queens of England from the Norman conquest, Vol.2, (George Barrie and Sons, 1902), 222.
3. ^ Geoffroy G. Sury, Guillaume Ier (d’Avesnes) comte de Hainaut et sa fille Philippe, in « Bayern Straubing Hennegau : la Maison de Bavière en Hainaut, XIVe - XVe s. », Edit. Geoffroy G. Sury, Bruxelles, © 2010 (2e éd.), p. 55 : - Un parchemin daté du 27/08/1326 à Mons, au sceau brisé, énonce qu’Edouard, duc de Guyenne (futur Edouard III roi d’Angleterre), fils aîné du roi Edouard (II) d’Angleterre, s’engage à prendre pour épouse, endéans les deux ans, Philippa, fille du comte Guillaume (Ier) de Hainaut, etc. In, G. Wymans, « Inventaire analytique du chartrier de la Trésorerie des comtes de Hainaut », aux A.E. Mons, n° d’ordre (cote) 574, Editions A.G.R., Bruxelles, 1985, p. 128.
4. ^ Sury Geoffroy G. , Guillaume Ier (d’Avesnes) comte de Hainaut et sa fille Philippe, in, « Bayern Straubing Hennegau : la Maison de Bavière en Hainaut, XIVe - XVe s. », Edit. Geoffroy G. Sury, Bruxelles, © 2010 (2e éd.), p. 55 : - Un parchemin daté du 30/08/1327 à Avignon, à un sceau, énonce que le pape Jean (XXII) accorde les dispenses nécessaires pour le mariage du roi Edouard (III) d’Angleterre et de Philippa, fille du comte Guillaume (Ier) de Hainaut, etc., sa parente au troisième degré. In, G. Wymans, « Inventaire analytique du chartrier de la Trésorerie des comtes de Hainaut », aux A.E. Mons, n° d’ordre (cote) 583, Editions A.G.R., Bruxelles, 1985, p. 130. ; - Un parchemin daté du 8/10/1327 à Nottingham, au sceau disparu, énonce qu’Edouard (III), roi d’Angleterre, donne procuration à R., évêque de Coventry, pour épouser en son nom, Philippa, fille du comte Guillaume (Ier) de Hainaut, etc., et régler la constitution de son douaire. In, G. Wymans, « Inventaire analytique du chartrier de la Trésorerie des comtes de Hainaut », aux A.E. Mons, n° d’ordre (cote) 587, Editions A.G.R., Bruxelles, 1985, p. 131.
5. ^ Un parchemin daté du 15/08/1328 à Northampton, au sceau disparu, énonce qu’Edouard (III), roi d’Angleterre, confirme la fixation du douaire de son épouse Philippa de Hainaut. In, G. Wymans, « Inventaire analytique du chartrier de la Trésorerie des comtes de Hainaut », aux A.E. Mons, n° d’ordre (cote) 596, Editions A.G.R., Bruxelles, 1985, p. 132.
6. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica, retrieved 10 March 2010
7. ^ Leese, Thelma Anna, Blood royal: issue of the kings and queens of medieval England, 1066-1399, (Heritage Books Inc., 2007), 140.
8. ^ David Williamson, Debrett's Kings and Queens of Britain, p.81
9. ^ Thomas B. Costain, The Three Edwards, p.249, Doubleday and Company, Garden City, New York, 1958
10. ^ Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Kings of England, Edward III, retrieved on 10 March 2010
11. ^ Costain, p.242
12. ^ Boutell, Charles (1863). A Manual of Heraldry, Historical and Popular. London: Winsor & Newton. pp. 276
13. ^ Charles Cawley. Medieval Lands, England, Kings (1066-1603)
14. ^ Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Kumans
15. ^ WorldRoots.com. by Leo Van de Pas.

[edit] Sources

* Salmonson, Jessica Amanda.(1991) The Encyclopedia of Amazons. Paragon House. page 212. ISBN 1-55778-420-5
* Weir, Alison (1999). Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy. The Bodley Head London, U.K.. ISBN 0712674489. page 92
* Ashley, Mike (2002). British Kings & Queens. Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-7867-1104-3. pages 185 & 186

[edit] See also

* Counts of Hainaut family tree
* Counts of Holland family tree

English royalty
Preceded by
Isabella of France Queen consort of England
Lady of Ireland
24 January 1328 – 15 August 1369 Vacant
Title next held by
Anne of Bohemia